{"id":30272,"date":"2025-06-23T13:57:03","date_gmt":"2025-06-23T10:57:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yessios.strive.gr\/?p=30272"},"modified":"2025-11-02T16:23:13","modified_gmt":"2025-11-02T13:23:13","slug":"i-makedonia-ston-xrono-apo-tin-epanastasi-tou-21-ston-a-pagkosmio-polemo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yessiosmuseum.com\/en\/i-makedonia-ston-xrono-apo-tin-epanastasi-tou-21-ston-a-pagkosmio-polemo\/","title":{"rendered":"Macedonia through time: From the Revolution of 1921 to World War I"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>February 28, 1870 | Establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate<\/strong><br \/>\nBy sultan's firman, the Bulgarian Exarchate is created: an autonomous Orthodox church separated from the Patriarchate of Constantinople.<br \/>\nThe Exarchate becomes a key tool of Bulgarian nationalism, supported by Russia's Pan-Slavic project.<br \/>\nEcclesiastical affiliation ceases to be a religious issue: whoever belongs to the Exarchate is considered \"Bulgarian\", whoever remains in the Patriarchate, \"Greek\".<br \/>\nThe conflict over Macedonia is just beginning.<\/p>\n<p><strong>January 30, 1878 | Treaty of San Stefano<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2022 After the Russian - Turkish War (1877\u201378), Russia imposes a favorable treaty on the Ottomans.<br \/>\n\u2022 \"Great Bulgaria\" is created, extending as far as Macedonia.<br \/>\nThe Greek population is reacting dynamically.<\/p>\n<p><strong>February 18\u201319, 1878 | The Macedonian Revolutions<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2022 In Bourino (Kozani), Anastasios Piheon forms the \"Provisional Government of Elimia\".<br \/>\n\u2022 In Litochoro, Kosmas Doumbiotis forms the \"Revolutionary Government of Macedonia\".<br \/>\nDespite the lack of support from the Greek government, the uprisings express Macedonian opposition to the Bulgarian annexation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>June 13, 1878 | Congress of Berlin<\/strong><br \/>\nThe Great Powers are concerned about Russian influence in the Balkans and revise the Treaty of San Stefano:<br \/>\n\u2022 \"Great Bulgaria\" is disintegrating.<br \/>\n\u2022 Macedonia returns to the Ottoman Empire.<br \/>\n\u2022 The conflict is postponed \u2014 it does not end.<\/p>\n<p>What is happening in the world at the same time?<br \/>\n<strong>1869<\/strong>: Opening of the Suez Canal \u2013 crucial for the British presence in the East<br \/>\n<strong>1870<\/strong>: Unification of Italy and fall of the Papal States<br \/>\n<strong>1871<\/strong>: German unification \u2013 Europe is changing shape<br \/>\n<strong>1877\u201378<\/strong>: The Russian - Turkish War ignites a new geopolitical chessboard in the Balkans<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>28 \u03a6\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1870 | \u038a\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03b9\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1: \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2. \u0397 \u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31297,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arthra"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0397 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf: \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u201921 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u2019 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf &#8212; Yessios Museum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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